Cistanche

Cistanche is a worldwide genus of holoparasitic desert plants in the family Orobanchaceae. They lack chlorophyll and obtain nutrients and water from the host plants whose roots they parasitize.

Uses

Along with other members of the genus, ''Cistanche deserticola'' is the primary source of the Chinese herbal medicine cistanche . The main sources of cistanche are ''Cistanche salsa'' and ''C. deserticola'', although it may also be obtained from ''Cistanche tubulosa'', ''Cistanche sinensis'', and ''Cistanche ambigua''. The drug, known in Chinese as ''suosuo dayun'', is collected in spring before sprouting, by slicing the stems of the plant. ''C. deserticola'' has been placed on CITES Appendix 2, a list of endangered species not banned from trade but requiring monitoring. With increased consumption of cistanche, the population of the species has decreased and its area of distribution has shrunk. Aside from over-collection or indiscriminate collection, an important factor in the diminished supply of cistanche is a loss of the saxaul host, ''Haloxylon ammodendron'', which is widely used for firewood.

Cistanche has been used as a medicine for about 1800 years and is recorded in the ''Shennong Bencao Jing'' and ''Bencao Gangmu'' as a tonic. In modern-day Chinese herbalism, cistanche is used for the treatment of male impotence, seminal emission, general lassitude of the loins and knees, constipation and infertility. Most of these claims have never been evaluated through clinical testing, and some have not been supported in controlled medical studies

The pharmaceutically active ingredients of cistanche include acteoside, echinacoside, and cistanoside.